Proposition:

Proposition is a sentence, which asserts or deny something.

A proposition consists of two terms, in which one is the subject term and the other is the predicate term. The act of comparing two terms is called judgment, when judgment is expressed in language, is called a proposition.

e.g; Crow is black.

In the above judgment blackness is affirmed about crow.

Similarly;

1)      Crow is black

2)      Chalk is white.

3)      Crow is not black.

4)      Chalk is not white.

All the above are propositions, because there is something affirmed or denied. In the first two examples the copula is in the affirmative form (is), while in remaining two examples the copula is in the negative form (is not) as there is denial.

Kinds of Proposition:

Simple or Single Proposition:

A simple proposition expresses a single judgment or statement.

Fore example, Ali is hardworking.

Compound Proposition:

On the other hand, a compound proposition combines more than one proposition in a single statement, or it is composed of more than in one proposition.

 For example;

            John and Ali are hardworking.

Hypothetical Proposition:

A hypothetical proposition consists of two clauses, which are conditionally related to each other. For example, “If it rains then the ground will be wet.” Similarly “If you can then I shall go with you.” Thus a hypothetical proposition expresses a relation between a condition and consequence. The clause, which contains the condition, is called antecedent, while the clause, which contains the consequence, is called consequent. In the above example “If it rains and if you come” are antecedent, while “the ground will be wt and I shall go with you” are consequent.

Disjunctive Proposition:

A disjunctive proposition consists of two or more clauses in which there exists a relation of alternation. In other words a disjunctive proposition expresses two or more alternatives, which are dis joined by the word “either-or”.

For example;

            He is either a teacher or a lawyer.

            He is either a wicket or foolish.